Titus 3 represents the final portion of Paul’s letter to Titus, tying together the themes of godly character, good works, and the transformative power of Christ’s salvation. Throughout this brief epistle, Paul has given Titus (and us) a vivid portrait of how true faith shapes every aspect of life. Chapter 3, in particular, stresses humility before authorities, kindness toward all people, and the washing of regeneration by the Spirit—a beautiful depiction of God’s unmerited grace.
“Remind the people to be subject to rulers and authorities, to be obedient, to be ready to do whatever is good.” (Titus 3:1, New International Version)
Crete under Roman Rule
In Paul’s time, Crete was part of the Roman Empire, where loyalty to the
emperor was expected. Archaeologists have discovered inscriptions
honoring Roman officials and dedicating public works to them. These
cultural reminders highlight Paul’s instructions that Christians—though
belonging to God’s kingdom—should strive for peace and good citizenship
wherever possible (see also Romans 13:1).
A Countercultural Humility
Paul’s call to “be peaceable and considerate” (Titus 3:2, NIV) may have
challenged a culture known for self-assertion. Greek and Roman societies
placed great value on honor and status. Here, Paul reverses that ethos
by urging believers to embrace gentleness.
We can live in a way that honors God by respecting civil authorities and striving to do what is right, even if the culture around us encourages self-serving attitudes. Our humble conduct offers a powerful testimony to the world, showing that Christians seek the good of the wider community, not just their own interests.
Cross-Reference
- Romans 13:1–7 (Submission to governing authorities)
- 1 Peter 2:13–17 (Doing good to silence ignorance)
“He saved us, not because of righteous things we had done, but because of his mercy…” (Titus 3:5, New International Version)
Paul reminds Titus—and us—that we were once “foolish, disobedient, deceived.” Then, the kindness of God our Savior appeared, rescuing us by His mercy alone. The echoes of Ephesians 2:8–9 ring loud here: salvation is entirely by grace and not by works, ensuring no one can boast.
The phrase “washing of rebirth” (Titus 3:5, NIV) translates a Greek expression often rendered “washing of regeneration” (“loutron paliggenesias”). It points to a complete renewal of the believer’s life, like a fresh start. Early church writers—such as Origen and Cyril of Jerusalem—linked this passage with baptism, seeing it as a vivid symbol of the Spirit’s inward cleansing. Historically, Christians have cherished this verse to articulate the power of the Holy Spirit in regenerating hearts.
“…so that those who have trusted in God may be careful to devote themselves to doing what is good.” (Titus 3:8, NIV)
As in earlier portions of Titus, Paul emphasizes that our spiritual rebirth leads to practical acts of love and service. Martin Luther famously taught that we are saved by faith alone, but genuine faith is never alone—it is always accompanied by good works. Our devotion to good deeds springs from gratitude for God’s kindness.
Cross-References
- John 3:3–5 (Born of water and the Spirit)
- Ephesians 2:8–10 (Grace, faith, and created for good works)
“But avoid foolish controversies and genealogies and arguments and quarrels about the law…” (Titus 3:9, New International Version)
In the ancient Mediterranean world, debates over ancestry and adherence to certain traditions were common—especially within Jewish-Christian circles transitioning from Old Covenant to New Covenant practices. Some false teachers in Crete seemed preoccupied with endless discussions of genealogies or interpretations of the law, thereby causing division.
While most Western believers today may not debate genealogies in the same way, we can still fall into unproductive disputes—whether online or in our churches. The Spirit of Christ calls us to unity, urging us to focus on the core truths of the gospel and conscionable conduct rather than heated secondary controversies.
Cross-Reference
- 1 Timothy 1:3–7 (Warning against false doctrines and endless
genealogies)
The latter verses mention individuals like Artemas, Tychicus, and Zenas the lawyer (Titus 3:12–13), underscoring the collaborative nature of early Christian ministry. Paul’s concluding words are warm and practical, urging believers to ensure these fellow workers lack nothing. This collective care highlights a longstanding tradition in the Church: coordinating resources and gifts for the furtherance of the gospel.
Application
• Look for opportunities to collaborate in ministry, whether through
financial support, prayer, or practical assistance.
• Cultivate a heart ready to give and receive help.
• Grace Over Works: Reflecting the entire New
Testament message, Titus 3 reiterates that salvation originates in God’s
mercy.
• Spiritual Renewal: The Holy Spirit transforms
believers (a key New Testament theme), seen in passages like John 14–16
and Romans 8.
• Good Works Flow from Faith: The believer’s life is
marked by love and holiness, echoing Jesus’ teaching in Matthew 5:16
(letting our light shine).
Crete’s archaeological sites, such as the remains of Roman roads and administrative buildings, remind us of the physical setting where early believers gathered. Imagining small house churches dotted across a well-traveled island controlled by Rome gives us a window into Titus’s challenges. The Christian message had to shine against the backdrop of entrenched pagan beliefs and imperial authority.
Paul’s letters often end with personal mentions—what some might call a “postscript.” This section serves not just as an addendum but as a testament to the communal nature of the early church. It’s an indication that theology is lived out in relationships, hospitality, and shared labor for Christ.
Consider singing or reflecting on the hymn “Come, Thou Fount of Every Blessing.” Written by Robert Robinson in the 18th century, it speaks of God’s grace as an ever-flowing stream—refreshing and cleansing, much like Paul’s description of the “washing of rebirth” in Titus 3.
Titus 3 shines forth the wonder of God’s saving grace, reminding us that Christ’s mercy transforms us into people eager to do good. We learn the importance of humility under earthly authorities, of intentional kindness to all, and of a faith that bears fruit. Above all, this chapter calls us to keep our eyes on the “kindness and love of God our Savior” (Titus 3:4, NIV), which has appeared to bring salvation to each of us.
Heavenly Father, we praise You for Your mercy that saves us, not because of our works but through the washing and renewal of the Holy Spirit. Teach us to live humbly, show kindness to all, and avoid needless divisions. May our good deeds reflect gratitude for Your grace. We pray this in Jesus’ name. Amen.