As we journey deeper into the Book of Leviticus, chapter 3 introduces the significance of the “Peace Offering” (Hebrew zevach shelamim). Unlike the Burnt Offering in chapter one, which was entirely consumed by fire as a symbol of complete dedication to God, and the Grain Offering in chapter two which underscored gratitude and personal dedication, the Peace Offering uniquely highlights fellowship, thanksgiving, and relationship.
In Hebrew, the word shelamim is derived from the same root as shalom—meaning peace, wellbeing, harmony, and wholeness. It was an offering presented to mark special occasions, celebrations, or as a thankful response after deliverance from trouble (Psalm 107:22). Importantly, it was communal—the animal was partially burned before God, while the remaining meat was consumed as a communal meal between the priests, the worshipper, family, and friends. It beautifully signifies God’s desire for intimacy, fellowship, and peace between Himself and His people.
In ancient Near Eastern cultures, sharing a meal together symbolized deep communion and mutual trust. The Peace Offering reflects this cultural intuition profoundly. By pointing out this communal consumption, Leviticus highlights that God welcomed His people into His presence, not merely as subjects but as honored guests. Thus, Hebrew worship was not passive or solitary but profoundly relational.
Archaeologically, excavations in ancient Israelite sites show bones of animals specifically used for sacrifices, reinforcing historical credibility that Peace Offerings indeed played a significant and frequent role in ancient worship.
Theologically, the Peace Offering holds rich significance for the mature believer. It foreshadows Jesus Christ, our fulfillment of genuine peace. Paul speaks vividly of Christ Himself as “our peace” in Ephesians 2:14 (New International Version) because His sacrifice reconciles humanity to God as well as to each other. Christ’s sacrifice reconciles us once distant, separated, and hostile towards God into a fellowship meal—in essence, it invites us daily into communion with God Himself, echoing Revelation 3:20:
“Here I am! I stand at the door and knock. If anyone hears my voice and opens the door, I will come in and eat with that person, and they with me.” (New International Version)
Historically, Christian thinkers such as Augustine and Calvin have recognized the Peace Offering as emblematic of Christ, who has opened the way for true, peaceful fellowship between God and humanity. Augustine emphasized that Christ was simultaneously our priest, sacrifice, and mediator—exactly the roles symbolically portrayed in the Peace Offering ritual. Calvin saw it as participation in Christ—being invited to His sacred table, sharing in His body and blood, and enjoying intimate communion. This connects deeply with the Lord’s Supper, that sacred communion meal celebrating peace and reconciliation achieved by Christ’s cross (1 Corinthians 10:16–18).
In Leviticus 3:11 and 16, the text stresses repeatedly that the priest should burn the offering as “food, an offering made by fire, a pleasing aroma” to the Lord (New International Version). Although God does not literally eat (Psalm 50:12–13), these terms poetically honor the offering as acceptable and welcomed by God. The literary emphasis should prompt us to ask: How acceptable and pleasing is my spirit of worship to God today?
The term “fat portions” mentioned throughout chapter 3 (Leviticus 3:3–5) represents the very best, richest part of the animal, carefully reserved for God alone—in ancient culture, the “fat” signified prosperity, excellence, and honor. Thus, these verses prompt us to give our very best, our “fat portions” of time, affection, talent, and resources to God, out of joy and thanksgiving.
Leviticus 3 reminds us beautifully today that our faith is not merely regulatory or ritualistic—it is relational. God invites us to mutual communion, intimacy, and peace. Today, let us consider more purposefully how we commune with God and the Body of Christ. Within our busy western cultural frame—dominated often by convenience and individualism—are we capable of truly sharing in fellowship, peace, and spiritual intimacy?
Let’s intentionally make time to sit at His table, recognizing Christ’s perfect Peace Offering on our behalf, enabling us not just personal peace but also harmony and unity within our families and communities.
Gracious and Loving God, we thank You for this deep invitation into joyful communion, peace, and fellowship with You. Lord Jesus, our perfect Peace Offering and mediator, teach us to approach Your table sincerely, joyfully, and reverently. Help us welcome others with open and generous hearts, displaying the true peace and fellowship that comes from You alone. May our worship and life always be pleasing to You, our God of peace. In the precious name of Jesus, we pray. Amen.