World English Bible
- Now Joshua was old and well advanced in years. The LORD said to him, “You are old and advanced in years, and there remains yet very much land to be possessed.
- “This is the land that still remains: all the regions of the Philistines, and all the Geshurites;
- from the Shihor, which is before Egypt, even to the border of Ekron northward, which is counted as Canaanite; the five lords of the Philistines; the Gazites, and the Ashdodites, the Ashkelonites, the Gittites, and the Ekronites; also the Avvim,
- on the south; all the land of the Canaanites, and Mearah that belongs to the Sidonians, to Aphek, to the border of the Amorites;
- and the land of the Gebalites, and all Lebanon, toward the sunrise, from Baal Gad under Mount Hermon to the entrance of Hamath;
- all the inhabitants of the hill country from Lebanon to Misrephoth Maim, even all the Sidonians. I will drive them out from before the children of Israel. Just allocate it to Israel for an inheritance, as I have commanded you.
- Now therefore divide this land for an inheritance to the nine tribes and the half-tribe of Manasseh.”
- With him the Reubenites and the Gadites received their inheritance, which Moses gave them, beyond the Jordan eastward, even as Moses the servant of the LORD gave them:
- from Aroer, that is on the edge of the valley of the Arnon, and the city that is in the middle of the valley, and all the plain of Medeba to Dibon;
- and all the cities of Sihon king of the Amorites, who reigned in Heshbon, to the border of the children of Ammon;
- and Gilead, and the border of the Geshurites and Maacathites, and all Mount Hermon, and all Bashan to Salecah;
- all the kingdom of Og in Bashan, who reigned in Ashtaroth and in Edrei (who was left of the remnant of the Rephaim); for Moses attacked these, and drove them out.
- Nevertheless the children of Israel didn’t drive out the Geshurites, nor the Maacathites: but Geshur and Maacath live within Israel to this day.
- Only he gave no inheritance to the tribe of Levi. The offerings of the LORD, the God of Israel, made by fire are his inheritance, as he spoke to him.
- Moses gave to the tribe of the children of Reuben according to their families.
- Their border was from Aroer, that is on the edge of the valley of the Arnon, and the city that is in the middle of the valley, and all the plain by Medeba;
- Heshbon, and all its cities that are in the plain; Dibon, Bamoth Baal, Beth Baal Meon,
- Jahaz, Kedemoth, Mephaath,
- Kiriathaim, Sibmah, Zereth Shahar in the mount of the valley,
- Beth Peor, the slopes of Pisgah, Beth Jeshimoth,
- all the cities of the plain, and all the kingdom of Sihon king of the Amorites, who reigned in Heshbon, whom Moses struck with the chiefs of Midian, Evi, Rekem, Zur, Hur, and Reba, the princes of Sihon, who lived in the land.
- The children of Israel also killed Balaam the son of Beor, the soothsayer, with the sword, among the rest of their slain.
- The border of the children of Reuben was the bank of the Jordan. This was the inheritance of the children of Reuben according to their families, the cities and its villages.
- Moses gave to the tribe of Gad, to the children of Gad, according to their families.
- Their border was Jazer, and all the cities of Gilead, and half the land of the children of Ammon, to Aroer that is near Rabbah;
- and from Heshbon to Ramath Mizpeh, and Betonim; and from Mahanaim to the border of Debir;
- and in the valley, Beth Haram, Beth Nimrah, Succoth, and Zaphon, the rest of the kingdom of Sihon king of Heshbon, the Jordan’s bank, to the uttermost part of the sea of Chinnereth beyond the Jordan eastward.
- This is the inheritance of the children of Gad according to their families, the cities and its villages.
- Moses gave an inheritance to the half-tribe of Manasseh. It was for the half-tribe of the children of Manasseh according to their families.
- Their border was from Mahanaim, all Bashan, all the kingdom of Og king of Bashan, and all the villages of Jair, which are in Bashan, sixty cities.
- Half Gilead, Ashtaroth, and Edrei, the cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan, were for the children of Machir the son of Manasseh, even for the half of the children of Machir according to their families.
- These are the inheritances which Moses distributed in the plains of Moab, beyond the Jordan at Jericho, eastward.
- But Moses gave no inheritance to the tribe of Levi. The LORD, the God of Israel, is their inheritance, as he spoke to them.
“When Joshua had grown old, the Lord said to him, ‘You are now very old, and there are still very large areas of land to be taken over.’” (Joshua 13:1, New International Version)
Joshua 13 serves as a thoughtful pause in the triumphant narrative of conquest. The chapter begins by addressing the reality of aging and incomplete tasks. Despite Joshua’s great victories, much territory remained unconquered. Western readers might easily overlook that ancient Near Eastern conquest often spanned an extended period. Battles recorded swiftly in Scripture actually unfolded gradually, with smaller conflicts continuing for many years. Archaeological evidence supports the view that settling Canaan was not instantaneous but a lengthy task of ongoing faithfulness.
Just think: Joshua had led Israel bravely, yet he left much unfinished. This truth grants us perspective when considering our own lives and ministries. Few of us see every goal completed; many visions remain partially fulfilled. Matthew Henry, the great Puritan commentator, keenly observed that God uses aged servants to remind the younger generation that certain tasks are theirs to continue. Thus, our limited lifespan is not failure but an opportunity to pass spiritual vision forward.
“One generation commends your works to another; they tell of your mighty acts.” (Psalm 145:4, New International Version)
Yet even amidst unfinished conquest, Joshua 13 reveals God’s faithfulness regarding His promises of inheritance. God’s divine plan covered all territory, even those areas not yet conquered and possessed. God’s fidelity does not depend solely on human effort or timeline—His promises remain firm and sure. It challenges us spiritually: Will we trust His faithfulness even when circumstances seem incomplete or delayed?
Theologians like John Calvin emphasized that God’s sovereignty assures His good purpose, noting how God’s promises precede our active participation. Joshua and Israel must faithfully respond to God’s already determined inheritance, trusting the divine reality beyond what they see immediately.
Joshua 13 details the boundaries and territories each tribe was assigned. Modern readers may struggle to engage with these geographic descriptions, yet each territory embodied God’s faithfulness to the historical nation. The tangible parcels reminded Israel that God’s provision was both generous and purposeful. Archeological investigations confirm these territories’ accuracy, making these verses vivid windows into real historical events rather than obscure lists.
The inheritance came not as mere possession but as a stewardship from God. Israel would need diligence, courage, and faithful dependence upon God in inhabiting this land. How powerfully this speaks into our lives! God provides spiritual inheritance—callings, gifts, and opportunities. Yet, receiving them requires disciplined faithfulness and reliance upon Him, treating blessings not selfishly but as a sacred trust. Consider Jesus’ parable of the talents in Matthew 25:14-30—God’s blessings always include expectations of stewardship.
Notice another interesting detail: the Levites received no land inheritance; instead, their inheritance was “the offerings by fire made to the LORD, the God of Israel” (Joshua 13:14, New International Version). Their inheritance was unique: a direct relationship and dependence upon God Himself. This principle profoundly illustrates a key theological truth: our ultimate inheritance as believers is God Himself. As Augustine famously said, “You have made us for yourself, O Lord, and our hearts are restless until they rest in You.” Like the Levites, we find our ultimate satisfaction not in earthly possessions, but in God Himself.
A relevant Hebrew word here is “nachalah” (נַחֲלָה), meaning inheritance, portion, heritage—highlighting something assigned directly by God, reflecting intimate divine sovereignty balanced with human responsibility. This is a powerful reminder that though earthly blessings are precious, true fulfillment is found in a relationship with God alone (Deuteronomy 10:9; Psalm 16:5).
Consider the hymn “Be Thou My Vision,” a profound prayer of seeking God as our primary inheritance:
“Riches I heed not, nor man’s empty praise,
Thou mine inheritance, now and always;
Thou and thou only, first in my heart,
High King of heaven, my treasure thou art.”
This beloved hymn beautifully captures the spirit of Joshua 13: Christ Himself our greatest inheritance, beyond earthly victories, beyond unfinished tasks.
Reflect today:
Heavenly Father, thank You for Your unfailing faithfulness. Grant us grace today to hold lightly what You’ve given, stewarding all things faithfully and intentionally. Teach us, as the Levites, to find our richest inheritance not in possessions or achievements but in You alone. May our hearts rejoice in Your presence, our portion forever. In Jesus’ name we pray, Amen.