In Exodus 9, the effects of God’s judgments on Egypt continue to unfold vividly. Here we witness three more devastating plagues: severe disease upon livestock, debilitating boils on human flesh, and a catastrophic hailstorm—a forceful demonstration against Pharaoh’s refusal to acknowledge Yahweh’s supreme authority. These plagues are not mere arbitrary afflictions; each one purposefully confronts specific divine beings worshipped in Egyptian religion. For instance, the goddesses Hathor and Isis often depicted with cattle’s horns or embodying protection over cattle, could not shield Egypt’s herds from Yahweh’s power (Exodus 9:1-7).
This visible defeat of Egypt’s false gods emphasizes a powerful theological theme present throughout the Bible: Sovereignty and ultimate authority rest exclusively in the Almighty Creator. God’s commands through Moses continue to challenge Pharaoh’s inflated pride, directly revealing the Lord’s supreme authority.
Repeatedly in chapter 9, we find references to Pharaoh’s hardened heart. Verse 34 explains clearly, “he sinned again: he and his officials hardened their hearts” (New International Version). Much historical discussion among faithful Christian theologians surrounds this phenomenon. Augustine emphasized the role of human pride and self-will—Pharaoh’s arrogance facing God’s clear revelation directly led to his ongoing spiritual blindness. John Calvin highlighted God’s sovereignty, noting how Pharaoh’s hardening illustrated God’s righteous judgment over human rebellion.
How critical it is for us today to examine our hearts carefully! Pride is subtle but devastating. Each act of deliberate defiance or delayed obedience ultimately hardens our hearts against God’s voice. Let us humbly submit ourselves daily before the Lord, always responsive to His gentle correction and ready to heed His warnings (Hebrews 3:7-8).
Notice closely in verses 19-21, where even within judgment, God shows a remarkable display of mercy by warning the Egyptians to bring in their servants and livestock to safety before the hailstorm: “Those officials of Pharaoh who feared the word of the Lord hurried to bring their slaves and livestock inside” (New International Version). God’s mercy extends even to the oppressors, the enemies of His people! Later, the prophets would echo this astonishing merciful nature found in the Lord (Jonah 4:2 and Ezekiel 33:11).
This judgment also bypassed Israelite territory in Goshen entirely, further demonstrating divine favor, distinguishing His people from oppressive Egypt (Exodus 9:25-26). Archaeological studies support narratives of Goshen being distinctively settled by Semitic peoples, geographically and culturally set apart, lending historical concreteness to the biblical account.
One interesting Hebrew phrase emerges repeatedly: “the LORD made a distinction” (Hebrew: פָּלָה palâ, Exodus 9:4). This unique Hebrew verb suggests separation through special selection or elevation. God intentionally elevates His chosen people through protection, teaching clearly: affiliation as Yahweh’s own people means His abiding protection and care. Christians are similarly called out and set apart, holy and distinct: “But you are a chosen people, a royal priesthood…God’s special possession” (1 Peter 2:9, New International Version).
Exodus 9:23 offers vivid imagery of divine action: “the LORD sent thunder and hail, and lightning flashed down to the ground” (New International Version). Hebrew poetic structure vividly impresses upon hearers how these terrifying elements served as direct acts from God’s own hand, highlighting His power as King and Creator over nature. Such rich biblical imagery prompts us to reflect in awe at the greatness of God displayed even in judgment, recognizing the holiness and severity of His righteous response to human sin.
In response, we might worshipfully turn to hymns like “Immortal, Invisible, God Only Wise,” a classic hymn glorifying God’s majestic power beyond all human understanding and prideful challenge.
Exodus chapter 9 challenges us deeply. Are there “Egyptian idols” we cling to—symbols of trust apart from God’s supremacy? What areas of stubbornness, pride, or self-security block our repentance and complete obedience to Him?
Let us humbly bow before God, reflecting in thanksgiving for His merciful warnings and patience while earnestly surrendering our proud hearts fully into His gracious hands.
Prayer:
Heavenly Father,
You demonstrate Your absolute power and holiness through Your righteous
works and judgments. Forgive us for our stubbornness and pride. Open our
hearts to sense our need for humility and obedience to Your will. Thank
You for Your incredible mercy, even in judgment, and lead us daily to
live as Your distinct and beloved people, witnesses to Your great mercy,
truth, and love.
Through Christ our Savior we pray,
Amen.